Soo saaraha Tuubada VIGA 
Tubadu waa magaca guud ee tuubada biyaha, qasabadaha ayaa markii ugu horaysay soo shaac baxay qarnigii 16-aad, asal ahaan waxa ay ahayd shubid naxaas ah, doorka ugu weyn waa in la xakameeyo socodka biyaha. Tubooyinka hore waa nooca wiishka wareega, Hadda waxa ay inta badan suuqa ku iibinaysaa qasabadaha kartoonada dhoobada ah, nooca wiishka spiral ayaa asal ahaan meesha ka saaray.
Waxyaabaha ugu muhiimsan ee loo isticmaalo in lagu sameeyo tuubooyinka waa birta, caag ah, bir jaalle, dhoobo ka sameysan, quraarad, jaad, crystal, bir bir ah, qasabadaha walxaha alloy, iwm. Tuubooyinka birta ah ayaa la tirtiray muddo dheer, qaar ka mid ah qasabadaha hoose ee caag ah, Qaar ka mid ah qasabadaha gaarka ah ayaa isticmaali doona birta aan la taaban karin iyo walxo kale oo duug ah, Waxa kale oo jira qaar ka mid ah tubooyinka heerka hoose oo naxaas ah oo jir ahaan leh, zinc alloy sida gacanta, hadda suuqa qasabadaha ayaa asal ahaan ka samaysan naxaas. Tubada naxaasta ah ee sumadda musqusha oo heer sare ah ayaa guud ahaan isticmaaleysa H59, H62, H65 naxaas yar oo rasaas ah, nuxurka hogaanka ayaa hoos ku yaal 2.5%, in line with the provisions of the national GB\T1176, aan waxyeello u geysan jidhka bini'aadamka. Copper inta badan waa ulaha naxaasta ah, oo leh xaddi yar oo tuubo naxaas ah ayaa sidoo kale la isticmaalay. Gobolka California wuxuu dhaafay AB1953, kaas oo sheegaya in qasabadaha aysan ku jirin sunta rasaasta, iyo sida 2014, qasabado ay ku jirto rasaasta laguma iibin karo gudaha Maraykanka, sidaas awgeed shirkadaha caanka ah iyo kuwa wax soo saara ayaa horumarinaya tubooyinka ka samaysan naxaasta aan rasaasta rasaasta lahayn (sida bismuth naxaas ah) iyo bir bir ah.
Tubadu waxay ka kooban tahay jidhka ugu muhiimsan, waalka, siddo, filter, dhirbil, qaybaha rakibaadda, iwm. Tubooyinka qaarkood waxa kale oo ay leeyihiin valves jeeg, hawiye, hagaajinta boolal, hagaajinta taarikada naxaasta ah, gaskets, geesaha qaloocan, boora, iyada oo loo marayo qiyaaso, joojinta cabirrada, iwm. Tubooyinka kala duwan ayaa laga yaabaa inay xoogaa ku kala duwanaadaan. Qaybta xudunta u ah tubadadu waa kartoonka, waxa kale oo loo yaqaan wadnaha tuubada. Tayada kartoonada ayaa go'aamisa isku halaynta shaqada iyo nolosha adeegga tuubada. Kartuushka tuubada waxa loo qaybiyaa kartridge caag ah, kartridge rullaluistemadka, kartoonada dhoobada ah iyo kartoonada kubbadda birta ah ee aan-ahaamaha lahayn sida ku cad alaabta, iyo sida waafaqsan shaqada isticmaalka kartoonada gacanta, heerkulka joogtada ah iyo kartridge induction magnetic.