Nsf 61 9 Amatanthauza pamwamba pa chitoliro chamkuwa chamkuwa?

1. Chiyambi
Pakadali pano, Makampani apakhomo amapanga mafoke okhala ndi zida zazikulu kuphatikiza mkuwa, chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, cha pulasitiki, ndi zina. Ogulitsa ambiri m'misika yotukuka ku Europe ndi United States ndi mapiko amkuwa, China, Monga dziko lalikulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, Mapulogalamu ambiri otumiza kunja ndi mapiko amkuwa. Zipangizo zazikulu za mafunde amkuwa ndi mkuwa ndi zinc, odziwika bwino ngati mkuwa. Kutsogolera pang'ono kumawonjezeredwa ku mkuwa panthawi yopangira njira yopangira magwiridwe antchito amkuwa. Ngati palibe kutsogolera kumawonjezeredwa konse, Faucet siyikhala yovuta kudula, Kutha Kokwanira ndi Mavuto Ena, Ngakhale atamaliza, Zidzatsogoleranso kusokonekera chifukwa cha kukana kwamisala
Kutsogolera ndi chitsulo cholemera chomwe chimavulaza thanzi la anthu, Koma mafilimu otchuka m'maiko otukuka ku Europe ndi America amapangidwa ndi mkuwa, ndipo mkuwa sunasinthidwe ndi zinthu zina. Izi ndichifukwa chakuti chitsogozo cha kutsogoleredwa chimakhala ndi miyezo yazogulitsa ku mtengo winawake ndipo amadziwika kuti ndi otetezeka. Mwachitsanzo, Kumpoto waku North America Poizoni Woyeserera, NSF / ANSI61-2012, pamafunika kuti kutsogoleredwa sikupitilira 5 μg kuti azikhala otetezeka.
Choncho, Poganizira za ngozi zaumoyo zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi nyama zolemera, Maziko a National (Nsf) Kuchita kafukufuku wakuya ndi kusanthula kwa chiani champhamvu champhamvu mu zinthu zokhudzana ndi madzi akumwa, Konzani mayeso a NSF / ANI61, Kupanga Njira Zoyeserera zatsatanetsatane ndi Kuchepetsa Zofunikira, ndipo wakhala muyeso woyeserera wosokoneza bongo wakumwa zakumwa zolumikizira madzi ku North America. Mkhalidwe umavomerezedwa kwambiri m'maiko ndi zigawo zina, kuphatikiza china, Pofuna kuwunika kwamphamvu kwamphamvu kwamiyala kuchokera ku map.

2.NSF / ANSI61-2012 Muyezo
2.1 Mawu oyambira muyezo “Kumwa madzi amtundu wa madzi – Zotsatira Zaumoyo” [1] adapangidwa ndi mayiko a dziko lonse (Nsf), Popeza dongosolo loyamba lidaperekedwa 1988, Pambuyo matembenuzidwe angapo osintha, Mtundu wapano ndi 2012 mtundu wa zaposachedwa.nsf / ANI 61-2012 Zovala zofananira zina kuphatikizapo ma pupu (Mapaipi ndi Zoyenera), Zipangizo Zoteteza, Zipangizo Zosindikiza, mavuvu, Zogulitsa (monga matepi, etc.).
2.2 NSF / ANI& 61 Njira yoyesera yazitsulo yolimba kwambiri yamadzi
The NSF / ANI 61-2012 Gawo la mayeso kwa mafoka ndi gawo 9, zomwe zili zolimbitsa thupi komanso zovomerezeka ku North America monga muyezo zowunikira zitsulo zolemera komanso zoyambira zoyambira zopangidwa ndi kayendedwe kazinthu. M'gawo 9, ndondomeko, Monga chomaliza, ndi osasinthika omaliza 1 madzi a madzi, i.e. ndi izi 1 madzi a madzi omwe amakhudzidwa ndi mpweya wambiri ndi zolengedwa.
Kuyesedwa koopsa kwa Mesala kumachitika potenga zigawo zitatu zokhala ndi map. Choyamba muzitsuka faucet ndi madzi apampopi kenako ndikudzaza ndi madzi. Kuyambira tsiku 1 kuyambira 18, Kupatula Loweruka ndi Lamlungu, sinthani yankho lililonse 2 maola kuchokera 9:00 ku 17:00, 5 nthawi patsiku. Zowonjezera zidasonkhanitsidwa 9:00 pa masiku 3, 4, 5, 10, 11, 12, 17, 18 ndi 19 kutsogolera ndi 9:00 tsiku 19 Zotsalira 13 Zitsulo Zolemera.
2.3 NSF / ANI 61 Kuwerengera kwa q mtengo wa map
Monga chiwongolero cha zotsogola ndi njira yamphamvu, Kuchuluka kwa mpweya kumasiyana nthawi yopukusa nthawi. Pofuna kuwerengera kuchuluka kwa omwe amatsogolera nthawi yayitali, NSF imagwiritsa ntchito mfundo zowerengera, kuwerengetsa zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito logarithmic amatanthauza komanso kupatuka koyenera, ndipo pomaliza amawerengetsa mtengo wa q kuti mudziwe.
(1) Kukhazikika kwamphamvu kumawerengeredwa ndi njira zotsatirazi: Nf = n1 × n2 × cmv
(2) Mu equation, N1 =(SIF / Sal)Vl / vf(sikisi))N2vf(sikisi)/Zf(kuyenda)= 1Naf ndi gawo la malonda osefukira pakugwiritsa ntchito zenizeni; Sali ndi gawo la kumiza kwa malonda pakuyesa; Vl ndiye kuchuluka kwa madzi odzazidwa poyesedwa; Zf(sikisi) imafotokozedwa pano ngati 1l. CMV ndiye chinthu chozizira chamadzi (= kuzizira kwamadzi odzaza madzi / voliyumu yonse yodzaza madzi).
(3) Kuwerengetsa mtundu wachilengedwe wa kuchuluka kwa omwe akukhazikika pogwiritsa ntchito formula yij = lnxij.
(4) Kuwerengera lingaliro la logarithmic pa iliyonse ya 3 zitsanzo malinga ndi mtundu wotsatirawu: Chitani =(Y i3 + yiti + yi5 + mboni10 + y na11 + yi1 yi1 mboni1 yiti yi18)/9
(5) Werengani kupatuka koyenera kwa mtundu wa logarithmity kumatanthauza malinga ndi mtundu wotsatirawu: (6) Kuwerengetsa mtengo wa Q molingana ndi njira yotsatirayi: pomwe k ndi mtengo wokhazikika wa masitepe omwe amatengera kukula kwa chikondwerero cha mayeso, K = 2.6028 Pakakhala 3 zitsanzo.

2.6 NSF / ANI61 Incyer Associal Product pa Faucet Intertek, Monga bungwe loyambirira lachitatu la chipani ku China lomwe limatha kuyendetsa NSF / ANSI61, Timafotokoza mwachidule zomwe zachitika ndi NSF / ANSI61 Kuyesa pa FUCUST m'mbuyomu 8 Zaka ndikufika pamalingaliro otsatirawa: (1) Kubweretsa mpweya wakhutu ndi kwamphamvu, Koma zinthu zonse zimachepa pang'onopang'ono. (2) Mwambiri, Kulephera kwazitsulo kwamkati mwazitsulo kumangokhalira kuphatikizidwa ndi zitsulo zotsatirazi: tsogoza, mtovu, arsenano, zinki, cadmium, ndi zina. Ziwerengero zomaliza 100 Mitundu ya Faists NSF / ANSI61 Zotsatira Zoyeserera, amene 92, kapena 92%, adadutsa mayeso, kulekela 8, kuchuluka kwa 8%. A 8 mitundu yomwe yalephera, Mtengo wa Q 3, mtovu, arsenano, zinki, cadmium, Chromium zomwe zalephera kuwerengera 1 m'modzi.

3.NSF / ANI61 Pazovuta za makampani a Faicet American Faucet Standard Asmea118.1 / CSAB125.1 Imalola kutsogolera kwakukulu komwe kumapezeka kwa Mkuwa m'madzi ndi 8%, Koma mabizinesi ambiri opanga ali ndi nkhawa za kugwiritsa ntchito mogwirizana, Chifukwa chake mabizinesi ena adzasankha kugwiritsa ntchito mkuwa wotsika kapena ngakhale otsogola, Koma njirayi yasintha, Mavuto aukadaulo ndi mtengo wake ndiwokwera.
Mabizinesi ena amagwiritsa ntchito “Kusamba Kusamba” njira yochotsera mtovu kuchokera kumadzi, Mfundo yake ndikugwiritsa ntchito mkuwa - chitsogozo chosungunuka. Kutentha kwa fuucet kuponyera nthawi zambiri kumaposa 1,000 madigiri Celsius, ndipo malo osungunuka ali 327.5 madigiri Celsius, kotero kuti kutsogolera pakuumba kwa mawonekedwe amkati ndi kunja kwa mpweya.
Zotsogola zomwe zili pamwamba ndizokwera kwambiri kuposa mkati. Kutsuka koyenera kusiya fakitale ndikugwiritsa ntchito mfundo za machitidwe a mankhwala, ndi ndende yayikulu yamphamvu ya alkali kuti muchite zitsanzo, Sambani nkhani yamafuta, kenako chithandizo cha acid acid, Kenako kutsogoza mu mkuwa kwamkuwa kumawola mwachangu. Mu mayeso a NSF / ANSI61, Mtengo wa q wa faucet anali 8.5μg asanatsutse Adge ndi 4.1μg pambuyo pakuwongolera, ndi kuchepa kwakukulu mu mtengo.
4. Chidule chophatikizidwa ndi zochitika zoyambirira zotsogola, Cholinga cha mikangano yake, makamaka kusamvana pakuyesa njira. Mabungwe ena amatengera njira yodziwika mkati, ena amatengera njira yochezera, Ndipo ena amatengera njira yolimbikitsidwa, Ndi njira zosiyanasiyana komanso zachilengedwe. Izi zimabweretsa kusowa kwa kufanana ndi asymmetry mu media ndi zambiri. Choncho, Monga muyezo watsopano wa dziko lapansi watsala pang'ono kukhazikitsidwa, Timalimbikitsa kuti NSF / ANI61 imayambitsidwa ngati njira yoyeserera yovomerezeka kuti ayesetse mpweya wambiri wolemera monga kutsogoleredwa ku dongosolo. Njira zoyesera ndi zofunikira zimatha kuphatikizidwa ndi zomwe zilipo